Deratization and pest control: what it is, how to conduct it correctly and how to make money on it

Hello! I came back from the store a couple of days ago and saw how people in chemical protective suits were scurrying around a long-abandoned house.

It turned out that the neighbors began to complain that rats started to drop in from this house and various insects were creeping out.

The company of brave guys was engaged in the destruction of pests in this house. Want to know more about deratization and pest control - what is it and what activities are carried out? Now I’ll tell you, since I had to see it with my own eyes.

Quick problem solving

Probably there are no people who would not be familiar with the problem of the appearance of rodents and insects in the house or at the workplace. As a rule, the majority makes initial attempts to remove unwanted neighbors at home on their own, using mechanical traps, folk or purchased in the store funds.

It is at such a moment that a person is faced with concepts: deratization and disinsection, disinfectants. Despite the consonance of these words, each of them has its own definition, but there is also something that will unite them: both deratization and disinsection are measures to destroy.

Pesticide

Deratization (translated from French as “extermination of rats”) - comprehensive measures to exterminate any rodents (rats, mice). To solve the problem with rodents, use:

Everyone knows that the fight against rodents is necessary wherever people live, work, and store their products. Rodents not only eat foods and their waste that are not cleaned in cabinets or in the refrigerator, but also nibble passages in the walls, electrical cables (which can cause a fire), communication lines can bite.

The most dangerous thing in such a neighborhood is that rodents are carriers of deadly dangerous diseases: hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, listeriosis, etc. Infections enter the human body with food that has received saliva or stool of a rat or mouse, from dirty hands or directly through a rodent's bite .

Disinfestation services are in demand everywhere and always. Deratization by specialists of the sanitary and epidemiological station 100% guarantees the extermination of rodents in the apartment, organization, warehouse, etc.

Pest control

Pest control (translated from French as “extermination of pests) - comprehensive measures for the destruction of various insects: bugs, flies, ants, cockroaches, spiders, mosquitoes, lice, ticks, moths, midges, etc., indoors and outdoors. Pest control is divided into fighter and preventive.

Preventive pest control consists in creating unfavorable conditions for the appearance and further reproduction of insects in an uninfected apartment or other premises.

To solve the problem with insects, methods are used:

• chemical - the use of insecticides (for extermination) and repellents (for deterrence);
• mechanical - the use of sticky paper, fly swatter, sweeping the floor and sweeping the walls, ceiling, manual destruction;
• physical - boiling clothes and linen, using hot air and steam to disinfect or destroy insects such as body lice.

Bed bugs, cockroaches, lice, fleas are insects that cause a lot of troubles to a person, ranging from unpleasant contemplation of them, inconvenience when visiting guests, damage to equipment and furniture to very serious and even deadly ones: infection with serious diseases, crawling into ears, nose, etc. . d.

Most insects have amazing viability and rapid reproduction, transferring a large number of different microbes, larvae of worm eggs and parasites.

If mice, rats, or insects are wound up in your home, office, or organization, do not procrastinate with pest control and disinfestation. Do not postpone the problem until tomorrow, otherwise its scale will take on other volumes, the risk of getting an infectious disease of your loved ones and you will increase.

Get rid of such a neighborhood today, quickly and without problems, by concluding an agreement on disinfestation and disinfection with disinfection.

The concept, types and methods of disinfection, disinsection and disinfestation

Disinfection is a set of measures that are aimed at the destruction of infectious pathogens and the destruction of toxins in the environment.

To carry out disinfection, chemicals are most often used, for example, sodium hypochlorite or formaldehyde, solutions of organic substances that are endowed with disinfecting properties: chlorhexidine, peracetic acid.

The following types of disinfection are distinguished:

1. preventive, which is carried out regularly, without looking at the epidemic situation: washing hands with a person, washing surrounding objects with the use of cleaning and detergents containing bactericidal additives;
2. the current one, which is carried out at the bedside of a sick person, in medical institutions, in medical facility isolators, in order to prevent the spread of an infectious disease beyond the outbreak;
3. the final, which is performed after hospitalization, isolation, recovery or death of the patient in order to free the epidemic outbreak from the pathogens scattered by it.

Disinfection Methods:

Pest control

Pest control is a set of measures to combat and exterminate insects in buildings of a residential or non-residential type. Pest control is based on the complete processing of the entire area of ​​the object and the extermination of fleas, cockroaches, ticks and other insects.

The following types of pest control are distinguished:

• Focal current, which is aimed at the extermination of harmful insects directly in the source and its surroundings. This type of pest control is important during the fight against peddlers of malaria, typhus and fever.
• Focal final struggle - consists in measures to destroy the foci of rash and relapsing fever.
• Preventive pest control is the prevention of human diseases in natural conditions, for example, the fight against mosquitoes that spread malaria.

A large number of living conditions and species of insects require the use of different methods to combat them. There are 3 main methods of pest control:

Pesticide

Deratization is a set of measures to control rodents based on data on the ecology and behavior of animals, taking into account the specific situation at the facility or in the village.

Activities carried out during the disinfestation are divided into two types:

1. Preventive measures that provide for the creation of conditions that impede or eliminate the penetration and settlement of rodents in different buildings or near them, and also exclude their access to food. This type of struggle leads to a change in environmental conditions in the direction unfavorable for the life of rodents.
2. Fighting is a constant effort to eliminate rodents, especially those presenting an epidemiological danger.

Fighting measures for deratization include such methods of fighting rodents, such as:

• Biological - involves the use of birds and animals and - the natural enemies of rodents, as well as bacteriological cultures that are safe for humans, but destructive for rodents.
• Physical - catching rodents using various mechanical devices.
• Chemical - the use of various toxic drugs ("raticides" or "rodenticides").

Pest control, disinfestation, disinfection and fumigation

Disinfection, deratization and pest control can be carried out on their own, but it will be faster, better and safer to conduct these events by companies that provide such services and have an arsenal of modern tools and special equipment.

Processing is carried out both in residential and office and auxiliary premises.Many people confuse the terms “insect” of insects and “disinfection” of insects, replacing one with another.

Pest control is divided into two types:

1. preventive, which includes a set of measures that prevent the emergence and reproduction of parasites;
2. fighter, aimed at the direct destruction of insects.

Disinfection is a system of measures aimed at the destruction of pathogens.

Deratization - the destruction of rodents, which are sources and carriers of infectious diseases.

Fumigation is a system of measures aimed at the destruction of flying insects, such as moths, flies, wasps, mosquitoes, etc.

Each person wants to live and work in an environment of cleanliness, to be sure that his environment cannot harm his health. But sometimes it happens that around us insects, rodents, fungi, bacteria that can cause infectious diseases settle and begin to harm.

It is for the control of all types of pests that there is disinfection, which includes the actual disinfection, deratization and disinfection of premises and the environment.

So, if annoying ants, nasty cockroaches, bugs or fleas began to bother your normal and measured life, then you need to take the necessary pest control measures, which are designed to destroy all types of insects that can harm a person and disrupt his normal existence.

If you suddenly start to get sick for no apparent reason, then you should check your home and place of work for invisible pests such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria. And if any are found, then you have to disinfect all around you.

Disinfection measures can be carried out not only in the presence of microorganisms in the environment, but also to prevent their occurrence. After all, it is better to prevent the appearance of trouble than to deal with them later.

With regard to deratization, these are measures aimed at destroying or regulating the number of rodents. Rats, mice, moles and other rodents can be carriers of many infectious and parasitic diseases (botulism, plague, tularemia and others) that are dangerous to humans, in addition, they can harm the crop and property.

Therefore, to deal with them is an important task, and not only in residential or industrial premises, but also in open areas. Deratization is chemical, biological and physical, which involves exposure to rodents in various ways.

And there are also groups of drugs that instantly kill pests and are inactivated, and those that have a long period of action.

All measures to destroy insects, rodents, bacteria, fungi and viruses can be divided into fighter and preventive. Fighter aircraft are aimed at the destruction of pests already existing in the outbreak, while preventive ones are designed to prevent their appearance and reproduction.

Pest Control Activities

Disinfection, or disinfection, is a set of special measures aimed at the destruction of pathogens of infectious diseases in the human environment. For disinfection, solutions of chloramine, calcium hydrochloride (sodium), phenol, cresol, formaldehyde are used.

The following types of disinfection are distinguished:

• preventive, which is carried out regardless of the presence of infectious diseases. In educational and children's preschool institutions (schools, pools, baths, showers, in public places), wet cleaning is carried out with a 0.5% solution of clarified bleach;
• current, the effect of which extends to the entire period the infectious patient is in the room (home, hospital). Cleaning, soaking dishes, linen, bowel movements is carried out with a solution of bleach of higher concentration (1, 3, 10%);
• final, carried out after hospitalization, recovery or death of the patient. All the same activities are carried out as with the current disinfection. Bedding in disinfection chambers is processed.

Disinfection Methods

Mechanical: washing, cleaning, washing, garbage removal - all this reduces microbial contamination up to 50%.

Physical:

Reliable disinfection and disinfection of contaminated clothing, bedding and other accessories can be carried out in special disinfection chambers - steam or steam and formalin.

The essence of chamber disinfection consists in heating the contents of the chambers with hot air (steam) to a certain temperature, and if necessary, enhancing the effect of steam, in the additional introduction of formaldehyde (formalin) into the chamber.

Chemical: the use of solutions of chlorine-containing drugs. Among the chemicals detrimental to the microbial cell, the following sanitizers are most commonly used:

Biological The method is used in wastewater treatment in irrigation fields.

Disinsection measures are conditionally divided into preventive and fighter ones. Preventive pest control measures include maintaining clean homes and utility rooms, equipping windows and doorways with nets, clearing shallow ponds and irrigation ditches, etc.

Disinfestation methods:

1. Chemical: the use of solutions of chloro-, carbo-, metaphos.
2. Physical: use of dry heat chambers. For these purposes, in addition to disinfection chambers and physical means, poisons called insecticides are widely used, among which are hexachlorane (hexachlorocyclohexane), carbofos, methylacetophos, alfacron (phosphothioate), alcestine, absorbent-MP, etc.

Deratization Methods

To kill rodents - carriers of infectious diseases of humans and animals using chemical, mechanical and biological methods.

• Chemical: the use of poison bait. The essence of the chemical method is the poisoning of rodents with poisonous substances - raticides. Effective raticides are zinc phosphide, ratindan, zoocoumarin, thallium sulfate, thiosemicarbazide, barium carbonate, fluoroacetamide, etc. Gas deratization is used mainly for the extermination of rodents on ships, in railroad cars, airplanes, and in the field.
• Physical: trapping using traps.The mechanical method consists in the use of various traps, traps, mousetraps, tops, etc.
• Biological:
  • infection with an infection dangerous only to rodents;
  • capture by pets.

What you need to know about disinfestation and pest control

Every person at least once in his life has faced the problem of the appearance of insects or rodents in the house. Most initially try to fight them on their own, and if this fails, they resort to the help of specialists. Then it becomes clear what it is - deratization and pest control.

The main methods of struggle

Small rodents and various insects that can occur both in an ordinary garage and in a cleanly cleaned apartment always cause disgust and indignation among the owners. Such "neighbors" always appear unexpectedly.

It is quite difficult to get rid of rodents and insects on your own, because the procedure provides some knowledge and skills in carrying out such work.

But the main thing is that only a professional can, after examining the premises, say with accuracy what exactly is required in a particular case: disinsection, disinfection or disinfestation.

Disinfection Features

Disinfection means a set of measures aimed at the destruction of infectious agents and toxins. The following types of disinfection are known:

Current. Its purpose is to prevent the further spread of the disease that has already occurred.

The final one. It is carried out after hospitalization or recovery in order to free the premises from infections. It should be noted that, unlike preventive disinfection, the current and final should be performed only by a specialist.

Disinfection Methods

Today, there are three methods that are used to disinfect rooms:

1. mechanical is the simplest, but rather unreliable way. Its use can only reduce the number of bacteria, viruses. This includes, for example, regular washing, wet cleaning, garbage collection;
2. physical - carried out using high temperatures. This method includes heating, boiling and steam treatment, as well as the use of bactericidal or quartz lamps;
3. chemical involves the use of solutions containing chlorine, the effect of which against microbial cells is fatal. Most often used bleach, potassium or sodium water, chloramine, anolyte.

What is deratization

Deratization refers to measures that are aimed at the destruction of rodents that are carriers of a wide variety of infections. The use of preventive measures blocks the access of pests to food, and also deprives them of the opportunity to hide in shelters, where they could breed.

Fighter measures can be carried out in different ways - mechanical, chemical or biological. The mechanical method consists in trapping rodents using traps of different species. The most famous poisons that are used in the chemical method are the zoocoumarin sodium salt, diphenacin, penocoumarin.

In order to make the bait, you need bread, fish or minced meat or compound feed, where a small amount of the drug is added. Such baits are valid for approximately 3-5 days. It is important to remember that the effect of these drugs is harmful to humans, therefore, they must be used with extreme caution.

For the biological method, natural enemies of pests - cats and dogs - are used.It is also possible infection of rodents with microbes that are harmful to their organisms.

So, for example, it can be cultures of bacteria that cause typhus in rodents (Prokhorov, Isachenko strains). Disinfection and deratization can be carried out simultaneously on livestock or poultry farms.

Disinfestation Features

Pest control includes activities that are aimed at combating pests that are carriers of various infectious diseases, such as ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies, mosquitoes, flies.

For the extermination of mosquitoes, the main work should be aimed at combating their larvae. For this, experts recommend reservoirs that do not have economic value to be liquidated. They can also be sprayed with emulsions, which include insecticides.

To combat ticks in places where animals are grazed, experts recommend cutting down bushes. The territory adjacent to the livestock buildings must be cleared of weeds.

In the case of the appearance of ixodid ticks on the skin of an animal, it is required to be sprayed, wiped or bathed in a bath using special solutions.

Extermination of insects and rodents

Modern methods of carrying out such events as deratization and pest control imply the possibility of personnel being in the room during processing. However, at the request of the Customer or in the event of such a need, work can be carried out both in the evening and at night.

During this period, deratization and pest control are carried out from 2 to 12 times a year, which depends on the scope of the facility. It is clear that, for example, food industry enterprises and warehouses need more frequent processing than, say, residential premises.

On the effectiveness of activities

The carried out deratization and disinsection will not cause any inconvenience to people, since modern drugs are practically odorless and leave no traces on various surfaces.

Competent disinsection and deratization - contrary to the conventional wisdom that it is useless to try to remove rats and cockroaches from the house completely - is quite the opposite, it is quite capable of providing an excellent result in a short time.

Now let's talk more about methods of controlling rodents and pests. There are two main methods: chemical and mechanical.

Chemical method

The chemical method involves the use of various drugs to kill rodents - disinfestation, and insects - pest control.

Simply put, this is the use of toxic substances in various forms and compositions, the action of which leads to the death of the aforementioned “uninvited guests”. During deratization, so-called raticides are used in the form of various dusts, pastes and decoys.

This means that the poison enters the rodent's body either directly, that is, as a result of eating the bait, or indirectly through the paws or hair.

After all, sooner or later mice or rats, being very neat creatures, will begin to lick their paws and hair and will not be able to avoid the effects of raticides. For disinsection, that is, the destruction of insects, insecticides are used - preparations of intestinal-contact action.

These are all kinds of liquids, dusts, pastes, gels, etc. that are applied to the surface in various ways - sprayed, sprayed, smeared, etc.Insecticides kill insects either by falling directly on the insect itself and destroying its chitinous cover - the body, or by entering the body.

Mechanical method

The mechanical method of disinfestation and disinsection involves trapping or direct destruction of rodents and insects without the use of chemistry. For disinsection, sticky sheets, tapes, traps are used, and for deratization, traps, live traps and the same sticky sheets are used, but in a slightly different shape.

Recently, it is the chemical method that has been used more often, but with the regular use of chemistry in rodents and insects, the development of resistance to the effects of chemicals on them is observed - resistance.

That is why it is necessary to combine both methods, which is more advantageous both from the point of view of efficiency and from the economic point of view.

Disinfection as a business

How nice to admire the architecture of the old part of the city! Skillful bas-reliefs, stucco molding and arches delight the eyes of residents of megacities. But few of them are familiar with the reverse side of the coin ... In many old buildings, the walls have already lost weight, and there are gaps in the floors.

For some it’s just holes that should be repaired, and for someone it’s the door to a “luxurious” life with food and warmth. Such uninvited guests are cockroaches, ants, bedbugs, mice, rats.

Many of the aliens not only scare the residents, but also are carriers of many diseases: tuberculosis, salmonella, leprosy, infectious hepatitis, polio, influenza virus, tetanus, trachoma, diphtheria.

There is only one way out of this situation: save and save! The power of the three Ds will help here:

1. pest control - poisoning of all kinds of insects;
2. deratization - poisoning of rodents;
3. disinfection - the destruction of pathogens and the prevention of harmful microorganisms.

As you know, our state is already providing services for these operations. But there are a lot of houses and you won’t have time everywhere, so why not open your own company? Firstly, such a business will not require large investments, and secondly, you will help people and make their life cleaner!

Without paper - all insects

First, it’s worth checking out. You will need to choose a form of entrepreneurship and register a business. It can be an individual entrepreneur, LLC or a partnership (the cost of registration is 5-20 thousand rubles).

To obtain a license, the applicant shall submit to the licensing authority:

This procedure will take up to 30 days. The license is valid for 3 years.

In addition to the documents for registration, remember about the conclusion of a contract for the provision of services with customers. It must specify the date and address of operations, the list of services provided, their cost, the number of rooms subjected to processing, etc.

How, to whom and whom to save

Such operations are impossible without knowledge of all the intricacies of the case. We describe some pest control methods.

Pest control is ongoing, final focal (vector extermination at the source of accumulation and breeding sites), and prophylactic (disinfection prevention).

Several methods of controlling insects are distinguished: mechanical - traps, nets, Velcro, exposure to temperatures; biological - the use of enemies of insects, parasites, special bacteria; chemical - poisoning with insecticides, pesticides.

Deratization is also carried out in various ways:

1. mechanical - traps, traps;
2. food bait with poison;
3. ultrasonic repellers.

Disinfection is prophylactic, ongoing and final. Among the methods are:

• physical (exposure to temperatures, various types of radiation, the removal of microbes by washing, shaking);
• chemical - the use of various substances for treating various surfaces (chloramine, chloescidine, deoxone, ampholan);
• air (carried out by hot air in the sterilizer);
• steam (steam saturation in the sterilizer).

General rules for any operations are:

It is important to remember about the possible harmful effects of toxic substances on people, so you should place the poison in places inaccessible to children and animals and not exceed the permissible norms for the amount of volatile substances in the room.

So we smoothly approached the issue of personnel, and here it is important to think not about quantity, but about quality. For starters, 2-3 people can be enough, but it is desirable that at least one has experience in this field. The business founder and employees should study thematic literature, standards, and sanitary standards.

Not only home owners, but also businessmen can become your clients, because disinfection is a mandatory procedure for many production facilities, including restaurants, cafes, shops, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc.

No investments anywhere

The main expenses will be spent on warehouse rental, staff salaries, the purchase of tools and materials, as well as advertising. Salary will be 20-30 thousand per month per person.

The cost of materials and tools is approximately the following:

If you take the costs to a minimum, they will amount to approximately 80 thousand rubles.

Winner Reward

The cost of services is approximately the following amounts:

• disinsection of apartments from 1600-2500 rubles. (depending on the number of rooms), at home - from 3000 rubles.
• the deratization of apartments 1800-2700 rubles., houses - from 3500 rubles.
• disinfection of apartments 1600-2500 rub., houses - from 3000 rub.

Thus, if you have at least 4 desinsection orders for a one-room apartment (one of the cheapest services) per day, your monthly income will be about 128 thousand rubles, and the profit will be more than 50 thousand rubles.

In addition to the standard set of services, it is possible to provide comprehensive services (for example, deratization + pest control) and make discounts on them.

Pest control and other pest control methods

For a long time, humans were disturbed by insects, which not only spoiled food, irritated with their bites, disturbed sleep, reduced efficiency, but also were carriers of pathogens of many diseases.

Chemical methods of exterminating insects in modern conditions are the most common and effective. Chemicals are used in the form of powders, solutions, aqueous emulsions and suspensions, aerosols, soaps, candles, pencils.

Depending on the selective effect, they distinguish poisons that destroy insects - insecticides: against, ticks - acaricides; against larvae - larvicides, against eggs of insects and ticks - ovicides.

Powder poisons are sprayed using a rubber bulb. Liquid products are applied with brushes, brushes, spray guns, piston sprayers on walls, furniture, mattresses and other places where insects can penetrate.

Contact - act by penetrating the body of insects through the chitinous cover. Fumigants - poison the air and act on the body of the insect, penetrating through the respiratory system. Some chemicals have a mixed effect.

Due to the fact that in some insects with the long-term use of a drug, resistance is developed, it is necessary to periodically change the means of control, using new, more effective drugs.

Fighter measures are carried out by physical methods. These include, for example, knocking out and shaking out clothes, bedding, carpets, curtains, etc.

To remove dust, and with it some insects, such as cockroaches, fleas, moths, use a vacuum cleaner.

Various flies traps, sticky paper are used, and boiling water is used to destroy bugs and cockroaches. With a hot iron (when ironing) and with the help of hot air in the disinfection chambers, lice are destroyed on bedding and clothes.

Instructions for disinfection and disinsection of clothing

Disinfection of objects in steam-formalin, steam and combined chambers, depending on the resistance of the objects to the disinfecting agent, can be steam-air (air moistened with steam at a temperature of 70–98 ° С), a steam-formalin mixture (a mixture of humidified air with formaldehyde at a temperature of 42–59 ° С) and steam (saturated water vapor at an excess pressure of 0.2-0.5 kG / cm3 and a temperature of 104-111 ° C or at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 1000C).

Disinsection of objects in chambers may be air at a temperature of 80-110 ° C, steam-air at a temperature of 49-198 ° C and steam at a temperature of 100-111 ° C. All disinfection chambers are suitable for disinfection.

Before disinfection begins, the working chamber (loading room) is freed from all foreign objects and debris, the technical condition of the chamber and steam pipelines are checked, as well as locking devices and instrumentation.

Openings in the floor, designed to drain condensate from the working chamber and the latter to communicate with the atmosphere (in steam-formalin and combination chambers), must be open. With closed openings in the working chamber, pressure forms above atmospheric pressure, which can destroy the structure. Disinfection of objects in a faulty chamber is not allowed.

Before loading the first batch of objects of disinfection (disinsection) cold working chamber is heated with closed doors. The temperature of heating the chamber by an external thermometer: 50-60 ° С - with steam-formalin disinfection and steam-air disinsection of leather and fur things; 80 ° C - with steam and steam disinfection, air disinsection.

Disinfection objects are loaded into the chamber from the loading compartment evenly throughout the working volume. The loading rate, referred to 1m2 of the floor area of ​​the working chamber (trolley) or 1 m3 of the working volume of the steam (combined) chamber, and the disinfection temperature depends on the type of infection pathogen, disinfecting agent, material of the disinfected objects (wool, cotton, fur, etc. )

In mobile disinfection-shower units, the loading rate of the camera also depends on the number of people washing at the same time.

Clothes intended for disinfection (disinsection) are hung on special hangers (shoulders) before loading into the chamber, pockets are free from matches, pens, money and other items that may be damaged or can spoil other things as a result of heating with steam (air) .

An increase in the loading rate in the chamber, a decrease or increase in the disinfection temperature in relation to the installed one, as well as a reduction in the time of disinfection of objects in the working chamber are not allowed.

Disinfected objects are unloaded from the chamber into the unloading compartment. When unloading, fur clothes are shaken in order to remove droplets of condensate, or they are kept in the unloading room (unfolded) for 10-15 minutes.

Other objects that receive humidification as a result of disinfection are dried in the chamber itself, if there are devices for this, or in the unloading room.

Two disinfectors work. One of them, located in the loading compartment of the chamber, sorts the objects of disinfection (disinsection) and loads them into the chamber.

Another disinfector located in the unloading department manages the disinfection process, unloads objects from the chamber at the end of the disinfection time, sorts them according to outfits and gives them according to their accessories. He also keeps a register of disinfection (disinfestation).

It is forbidden to transfer staff from one compartment to another without changing work clothes, as well as transfer of cleaning equipment from the loading compartment to the unloading.

At the end of the last loading of objects into the chamber, the disinfector of the loading compartment makes a wet disinfection of the room, then removes its work clothing and loads it into the chamber.

Combined sanitation of people is carried out in groups (shifts). The number of simultaneously processed people and sets of their clothes depends mainly on the temperature of the cold water in the pond, the steam capacity of the boiler.

The greatest amount of steam is consumed during a rise in temperature in the chamber and shower operation. Therefore, the simultaneous start-up of steam for heating water and disinfection of clothing begins when the chamber is warmed up, the boiler is well-established, and the vapor pressure is the highest (permissible).

Steam release valves for shower and in the chamber are not fully opened to avoid a sharp drop in steam pressure in the boiler. In order to rationally use the heated water under each shower net, 2 people wash in turn (one is soaped, leaving the grid, the second is washed at this time, and vice versa).

These activities are as follows:

• the preparation of the boiler for operation begins with the heating of the hand pump with hot water in order to quickly fill the boiler with water with it. To avoid an explosion, the boiler must not be heated without water and then filled with water;
• kindling of the boiler begins immediately after filling it with water to the lower test tap. At the same time pump water to an average level. To prevent freezing of water in the pump and in the suction hose (during the kindling and operation of the boiler), pump water into the boiler every 3-5 minutes; excess water is released into the tank or out;
• with the appearance of steam in the boiler, a hand pump, suction hoses, a siphon tube for a pressure gauge, etc., are periodically heated with steam through a steam discharge hose into the atmosphere;
• in order to avoid freezing of water, the suction hoses of the hand pump and steam-jet elevator are deployed on the shore of the reservoir so that the water in them does not linger, freely flows back into the reservoir;
• during operation, the boiler is fed with heated water taken from the boiler or from the tank, in the tank the water is heated with steam discharged into the atmosphere;
• during operation, more often than usual, water-indicating glass, boiler test valves, pressure gauge siphon tube, boiler drain valve, pipelines, etc. are blown with steam or water;
• at the end of work, steam lines, suction and pressure hoses, fittings, etc. are thoroughly purged with steam. d .; after purging, the boiler, hand pump and the entire system are freed from water; To remove water from the pump, open the drain valves (plugs), having previously disconnected the suction sleeve, and pump handle is pumped until the water flow through the drain valves (plugs) stops.

Objects seeded with pathogens of intestinal and drip infections, as well as pathogens of viral hepatitis, natural donkey, Q fever, are disinfected at a temperature of 80-90 ° C and a loading rate of the chamber of 8-10 sets or 48-60 kg per 1 m2 of floor space of the chamber ( carts).

The disinfection time is taken from 10 to 45 minutes, depending on the resistance of the pathogen.

Objects seeded with microsporia, trichophytosis, epidermophytosis, favus pathogens are disinfected at a temperature of 80–90 ° С with an exposure of 40 minutes (1st disinfection option) or at a temperature of 97–98 ° С with an exposure of 20 minutes (2nd disinfection option) . The loading rate for both options is 10 sets (60 kg) per 1 m2 of the floor area of ​​the chamber (trolley).

Objects seeded with spores of anthrax, gas gangrene, tetanus, etc., are disinfected at a temperature of 97–98 ° С and holding for 30 minutes. With a dense load of the mobile camera (up to 25 sets of uniforms per 1 m2 of floor area), the disinfection exposure is increased to 40 minutes.

Books that are seeded with pathogens of intestinal and drip infections, as well as dermatophytes, are disinfected with a steam-air mixture at a temperature of 70-75 ° C with an exposure of 180 minutes. In this case, the thickness of the books should be no more than 30 mm. Thicker books open.

Steam-air disinsection of cotton, wool and cloth, bedding and other objects is carried out at a temperature of 80-85 ° C, loading rate of 10 sets (60 kg) per 1 m2 of floor area, exposure for 5 minutes.

In mobile disinfection chambers equipped with powerful steam boilers, the load rate is increased to 25 sets of uniforms per 1 m2 of floor area with a mandatory increase in disinfection temperature to 97–98 ° C; exposure - 5 minutes.

Disinsection of leather and fur clothes, shoes and other leather and fur products is carried out at a temperature of 57–59 ° С (the usual, most common option) or at a temperature of 49–51 ° С (a sparing option).

The loading rate is 5 sets (30 kg) per 1 m2 of floor area - with the usual version, 4 sets (24 kg) per 1 m2 of the floor area - with the gentle option. The disinfection time is 30 and 90 minutes, respectively.