What are nits, how do they differ from lice and dandruff and how to deal with them?

Hello! Surely many of you remember how in childhood your parents scared us that we could catch lice from pets.

Many have not encountered this parasite, and some have not the most pleasant experience. And all due to lack of information.

In this regard, the conversation about nits becomes inevitable. And what is nits inherently? What is their feature and the main threat to humans? How to protect yourself from them, and if you have already discovered, then get rid? Now we will analyze in detail all these issues.

What are nits, how do they look and how to treat?

Nits are tiny, oval, yellowish-white eggs produced by lice. They are difficult to see and detect, as they look like flakes of dandruff. Lice feed on blood in the skin and lay eggs or nits on the hair or under skin folds.

Anyone can get lice, but the disease is most common among children aged 3 to 12 years. This condition occurs more often in girls than in boys, because their hair is usually longer.

Symptoms and signs

The most common symptoms and signs of head lice include:

Why do they arise?

Nits are transmitted through direct contact from person to person, for example, when leaning the head against the head.

Nits can also spread rapidly when items of clothing such as coats, scarves or hats are stored in public places, in particular in wardrobes of various institutions.

Treatment of nits and pediculosis

Over-the-counter and prescription anti-pediculosis drugs to kill lice.

Shampoos, lotions and combs with small teeth, which are used to eliminate nits, should be considered as such a treatment for lice. All of these products are, in fact, insecticides containing aggressive chemicals.

Wet combing also helps remove nits with a fine-tooth comb. The hair should be wet and combed from root to tip.Comb your hair over a bowl of water.

Recently, more and more parents are choosing natural remedies as a safer, milder treatment option for nits and lice. Most anti-lice treatments contain toxic chemicals with some harmful side effects.

However, there are many plants in nature that have managed to drive insects and parasites away in a natural way.

Tips to Prevent Nits and Prevent Pediculosis

There are several ways to prevent lice:

• Teach your child how nits and lice spread.
• Check all family members for nits and lice.
• Tell your child to avoid head-to-head contact with other children.
• Avoid sharing personal items such as hair accessories, towels, hats, hats, scarves.
• Wash all clothing, bedding and towels in hot water, and dry over high heat.
• Soak hair items such as brushes, combs, hairpins and hair bands in boiling water with disinfectants.

If lice appear, consult a dermatologist for treatment.

Nits - how to get rid?

Lice are a suborder of small obligate, highly specialized parasites of the order of the lice that breed eggs (nits). The habitat of lice is the human hairline.

Nits - flattened lice eggs with a drop-shaped shape, covered with a protective shell, reaching 1 mm in length. Nits are attached at the base of the hair with the help of an adhesive produced by lice.

Nits is a roundish oblong egg of white or yellowish color. The ripening period of the nits ranges from 5 to 16 days, depending on the temperature regime. Under adverse conditions, the period of maturation of the nits can last up to 6 weeks.

Outside the host organism, lice and nits are able to live 1-2 days at a temperature of 35 ° C. At a low temperature (up to 20 ° C), this period increases to 7 days. The optimum temperature for ripening nits is 26 - 28 C.

The life cycle of a female louse is 34 - 38 days. During this period, one individual is able to postpone up to 200 nits. On the 15th day of the life cycle, a female louse is already capable of laying off nits.

Lice and nits are the causative agents of a disease such as lice. Pediculosis - entomosis (a disease caused by insects), characterized by damage to the scalp with typical severe itching at the sites of lice bites.

Pediculosis is diagnosed during a visual examination of the patient using a Wood lamp (living nits, in contrast to non-viable individuals, produce a pearl-white glow). As a rule, other laboratory tests in the case of uncomplicated pediculosis are not required.

Symptoms

Speaking about the symptoms of lice and nits, the symptoms of a disease caused by parasites - pediculosis - are meant.

In complex, as well as advanced cases of lesions by nits and lice, patients have abundant serous-purulent discharge, which has an unpleasant odor and contributes to the formation of mats.

Typical symptoms of nits and lice include:

1. Irritability, psychological discomfort;
2. Severe itching in the area affected by nits;
3. Traces of lice bites;
4. Small swelling and sores, peeling of the skin in the temporal, behind the ear, occipital region of the head;
5. Small gray-blue spots on the scalp;
6. The presence of nits (white blotches at the roots of the hair, similar to dandruff);
7. The presence of lice.

As a rule, lice and nits are detected almost immediately after infection. Due to the defeat by nits and lice, a person is disturbed by sleep, attention, anxiety caused by itching appears.

Reasons for the appearance

The main reason for the appearance of lice and nits in humans is the direct transfer of lice to the head when in contact with a person already infected with nits and lice. There is a misconception that the appearance of nits and lice contributes to non-observance of personal hygiene.

It is believed that people who are constantly under stress are more susceptible to infection with lice.

Human Health Risks

Lice, like nits, do not pose a particular danger to humans. As a rule, pediculosis detected at an early stage (when the population of lice and also of delayed nits is small) responds well to treatment.

You can get rid of parasites and nits in one or two applications of special drugs sold in pharmacies.

However, lice are carriers of diseases such as relapsing fever and typhus - acute infectious diseases that are transmitted from an infected patient to a healthy person through lice.

Nits pose a great danger. Being enclosed in a dense protective capsule, nits can survive treatment with special drugs, which will inevitably lead to a relapse of infection.

How to get rid: tools and methods

The elimination of nits and lice is a complex process that requires an integrated approach. In complex clinical cases involving skin changes, patients are advised to consult a doctor to find out how to get rid of nits.

Due to their protective shell, nits can survive various treatments, which will lead to the development of a new population of lice. The doctor will not only recommend how to get rid of lice, but also prescribe symptomatic treatment based on the clinical picture to alleviate the patient's condition.

There are traditional and folk remedies for getting rid of nits. The main difficulty in the process of removing nits lies in the adhesive substance with which the eggs are attached to the root of the hair.

This sticky substance does not dissolve with standard anti-lice products, so nits remain firmly adhered to the hair even after treatment.

To dissolve the sticky substance, it is recommended to use a weak solution of vinegar or fresh cranberry juice, which need to moisten the hair roots, and then choose the nits manually.

Remedy for nits: use for the treatment and prevention of the disease

Currently, pharmacies have a large selection of funds for nits OTC. When choosing an insecticidal agent, one should pay attention to the spectrum of action. Some remedies are declared only to combat lice, without affecting nits.

The main remedies for nits are preparations based on perimetrin, phenotrin, malathion (synthetic insecticides) and pyrethrin (a natural plant insecticide).

It should be remembered that the remedies for nits are very toxic, therefore it is necessary to use them, strictly following the instructions.For the purpose of prevention, nits should be used by all family members to prevent re-infection with lice.

The remedy for nits should not be used more often than indicated in the instructions to avoid poisoning. Household items (bedding, towels, combs, clothes and others) are also subject to processing.

For the effective elimination of nits and lice, it is necessary to re-treat the agent after 7 days, which is associated with the life cycle of individuals of parasites.

What do nits look like in the hair on a person’s head and what is it

Nits are a fairly inconspicuous species of parasites. In order to be able to get rid of these parasites in case of their appearance, you should know about how they look, what they eat, learn about what they appeared.

Capsules are laid by sexually mature female lice, which can make several clutches in one day.

They have a very small size. Outwardly similar to small capsules, usually have a white color, slightly transparent. The shape of the capsule is elongated. Quite often, the appearance of nits can be confused with dandruff. Capsules can be relatively easy to notice, which makes dark hair much easier.

In the presence of this parasite, the hair does not look clean - there is a feeling that they are greasy, dirty and have not been scratched for a long time. The length of the bodies is about 0.7–0.8 mm long.

When examining the body of a parasite in a microscope, you can notice a certain tail, which is the attachment of the parasite to the hair. In addition to the fastening, there is a valve, from where after a while a new individual will appear.

It is not so easy to distinguish an empty shell from the one in which the larva is still developing. Dry nits remain on the hair until they fall out, provided that they are not removed by specialized means. Because of this fact, many people think that the number of nits exceeds the number of lice.

What do they eat

Nits do not have a feeding process, since this is only the stage of development of a larva located in a protective shell. For the same reason, nits cannot bite. Only the lice themselves bite, causing the same sensations as with the bites of any insect that feeds on blood.

When pediculosis (infection with lice) occurs in children, bites are often perceived by parents as an allergic reaction to a product.

Development period

On average, about a week takes the process of the birth of larvae from the capsule, which is also called the incubation process. Its speed is strongly influenced by temperature conditions.

The formation of an adult from a larva, as a rule, takes about 15-30 days. From the moment of its appearance to the end of its existence, a louse has only 4 stages of development.

• Egg.
• Larva.
• Nymph 1 and 2 orders.
• Adult mature.

After the larva hatched from its capsule, the first meal will occur after a very short period of time - in the first couple of hours. Two days after it, a louse is able to produce the first offspring of nits.

What is the difference between nits and lice

The main difference between nits and lice is that they are different stages of development of the same parasite. Nit is the embryo - the egg of the parasite, and louse represents the further stages of development.

Nits look like a small capsule of an oblong shape, but a louse is a small insect that feeds on the blood of the carrier, unlike its germ, the first meal, which occurs only some time after birth.

How to distinguish dandruff from nits

In order to be able to distinguish dandruff from nits, it is necessary to begin with a detailed analysis of these two concepts. What nits are, was disassembled in the chapters above. So what is dandruff?

Medical experts call dandruff pathologically abundant exfoliation of particles of the scalp. This phenomenon is caused by a violation of the functioning of the sebaceous glands.

Particles of exfoliated skin fall off from any touch, be it hands or a comb. Such a disease is not contagious, provided that the cause of the occurrence was not an increase in the number of pathogens.

Both dandruff and nits cause the appearance of the same symptoms - an unpleasant itching of the scalp. If it is caused by dandruff, then the sensation will disappear after light scratching. And in order for the itching to disappear with lice, most often, people strip off the skin to blood. Pathologies and location in the head area differ from each other.

The most common habitats for lice, and subsequently their offspring - nits, are those areas of the head where the temperature is higher. These places are the back of the head, forehead and temples, which are first of all examined by a medical specialist. As a rule, they are located at a distance of 10–40 mm from the scalp.

Detachment of dandruff occurs at the time of combing the hair, with a light touch of the head with hands or clothing. Most of the exfoliated particles are in the region of the crown. Due to the ease of removal from hair and skin, dandruff is visible even on the shoulders of a person, especially provided that he is in clothes of dark colors.

In order to verify the diagnosis, an examination should be carried out in good bright light using a magnifying glass and a comb with frequent teeth. There are a number of signs that distinguish nits from dandruff.

1. Capsules of identical shape and size, while flakes of exfoliated skin, differ in parameters.
2. With good vision or provided that the increase is quite strong, it is possible to notice stains on parasites, as well as the presence of a larva inside the capsule. Dandruff does not have a uniform bulge.
3. Sound is also one of the signs, since when you press on the nits, a characteristic click appears. When pressing on dandruff, no sounds arise.

A distinctive factor is also the number of white bodies. Provided that the pathology is just dandruff, then there are a lot of scales all over the head, as well as along the entire length of the hair. The number of nits is increasing gradually.

Only a neglected form of lice suggests the location of eggs over the entire surface of the head and for the most part the length of the hairline.

How to appear on a person’s head

Close contact with an infected person, as well as wearing headgear of such a person or using his comb, becomes the most common way that pediculosis occurs.

Nits cannot arise from nowhere, as they are a consequence of infection with lice, which can only be transmitted from another person. Also, even if one capsule hits the head, which is very rare, the disease will not be able to develop, as there will simply be no conditions for reproduction.

Capsules appear on the hairline almost immediately after several individuals of lice get on it, as the reproduction process begins.

Symptoms

How to determine that wound nits? Symptoms of the disease, as a rule, are invisible immediately after its appearance, as they are not very pronounced and the person simply does not consider it necessary to pay attention to them.

The following symptoms of infection exist:

Of the above symptoms, the most noticeable is itching. Most often, it is he who becomes the reason for contacting a medical specialist or conducting a thorough examination of the head at home.

Are there nits without lice

Such a case is possible, but very rare. The discovery of empty capsules of nits, where living individuals are no longer there, makes us think carefully about the situation. The answer to numerous questions will be that measures were taken to combat pediculosis, either on purpose or by a lucky accident.

One of the types of such exposure is dyeing with a mixture containing hydrogen peroxide, or lightening hair, as a result of which peroxide destroyed lice and nits.

Treatment methods

There are several ways to rid the skin of nits, lice, and, accordingly, the symptoms associated with the disease, the most unpleasant of which is a constant, persistent desire to scratch your head.

The mechanical method is combing with a specialized comb with a tooth frequency of 0.2-0.3 mm. This method is the safest. Such a comb can be purchased at any pharmacy.

The use of shampoo will have a fairly strong effect, removing a significant part of the parasites, and will be a wonderful preparation for subsequent combing.

After combing and washing the head with a special shampoo, part of the nits can remain on the hair. In this case, the removal process can be continued using chemical drugs.

When deciding to use only pharmacy medicines, disposal can occur in several applications. They will help get rid of head lice at home.

Chemicals should not be abused, as they can cause significant harm not only to parasites, but also to the human hair and skin.

Parasites on the hair: how nits look on the head of a person

Pediculosis is one of the most unexpected and unpleasant diseases. Contrary to public opinion, the cleanliness of a person does not affect the process of infection with lice. You can catch these blood-sucking parasites in any public place.

Nits are drop-shaped capsules that a louse produces to ripen its larva. That is, an adult individual lays capsules (cocoons, eggs), within which offspring are already located.

After a short period of time (5-7 days under favorable environmental conditions), a new generation of lice appears from the nits.

How do they look visually?

The size of the nits is very small - 1 mm in length and 0.5 mm in diameter. But due to its color (white, translucent), they can easily be found on dark straight hair. On light and curly curls, nits are more difficult to detect, but with good eyesight it is possible.

With a large number of nits, a person can confuse them with dandruff.

Features:

Where are nits on a person’s head?

Lice are blood-sucking parasites, that is, they constantly feed on human blood. Each insect bites a person 3-4 times a day. Lice can live without blood for only two days, then they die.

Therefore, the female parasite lays its offspring closer to the scalp, not higher than 1.5 - 2 cm from the base of the hair. This is done so that after leaving the capsule, the young individual does not look for a source of food for a long time, but can immediately refresh itself.

Nits are attached to the hair with the help of a special sticky substance that secrete louse along with the capsule. It hardens very quickly and becomes durable. The capsule as if covers the hair and sticks to it.

This attachment ensures the survival of the larva, therefore nature has provided that the sticky substance does not dissolve in water. Procedures such as washing your hair and combing your hair often are completely safe for nits.

Even special pediculosis drugs that instantly kill a live louse cannot penetrate the protective layer of the capsule and destroy the larva in the bud. This is only possible for very toxic substances (dichlorvos, dust) or potent pharmaceuticals (Para plus, Pedilin).

It is hard for a human eye to consider the detailed structure of nits. But armed with a microscope, you can see a lot of interesting details, for example:

• the nits inside which the larva is located has an incomplete structure, it is not like an egg. The thick edge of the capsule has a flat cap.
• When the larva is fully matured and ready to leave its cocoon, the lid drops off or is pushed out by the larva itself.
• Each capsule is located on the hairline so that the cap looks down. This is done so that after the release of a young individual, it immediately gets on the scalp and can take the first portion of blood.
• By the shape of the capsule, and especially by the cap, it is possible to determine which of the 200 species the head louse belongs to.

Living and dead

If nits are found, it is very important to establish whether they are alive or dead. Since new insects will come out of the living over time, and the population of lice will increase.

Signs of living nits: round shape, like a small ball; cracking when crushing the capsule between the nails.

Signs of dead nits: flat shape; there is no sound when pressing the capsule with your nails.

Dead nits can occur if:

1. the larva has grown and has already left its capsule;
2. after treating the head with an anti-pediculant, all the larvae were destroyed in the bud.

The attachment of the capsule to the hair is so great that even after the larva has matured and left the cocoon, it does not fall off the hair, but continues to hang on it until the hair’s life cycle ends and it falls out.

How to detect lice?

A capsule with a developing larva can be visually detected by carefully viewing the hair of the human head. To do this, parting and carefully inspecting the hair roots. Gradually dividing the hair into small strands, you need to look at the whole head.

It is best to start the examination from the occipital and temporal parts of the head. In these places, lice lay their eggs first.

What to do if lice are found?

The presence of live capsules and severe itching of the scalp indicate pediculosis. And the sooner a person begins to fight these parasites, the sooner he will win.

If nits are found, you need to:

What do lice nits look like in a person and where to look for them?

It is practically impossible to detect lice in a person until their number reaches a critical value. The insect has a small size, a translucent body of imperceptible gray-brown color. It is necessary to add to this that lice move very quickly both on the scalp and on the hair.

A white scattering of large dandruff - this is how at first glance it can be said about nits in the hair. A concomitant factor is often enough encountered - hair tangled up in shreds (we are talking about those unfortunate people who have no shelter).

A closer look reveals that these are small, almost white bubbles. Another sign that this is not about dandruff - nits are located not on the root of the hair, but at a distance of two to three centimeters from the skin.

Empty and full eggs are not combed with an ordinary comb, they can be removed only with a special comb after special treatment or with the help of super modern preparations.

In the upper part of the cocoon there is a lid, through which then the larva will get out. The capsule itself will remain on the hair.

The sizes of nits range from 0.7-0.8 millimeters, in diameter they do not exceed 0.4 millimeters.

The body louse lays eggs directly on the surface of the fabric or in the seams. At the same time, nits are attached directly to clothing. It is actually very difficult to find them.

If infected clothing is removed and cleaned in a cool place, then new insects can appear even after six months - metabolic processes are so slowed under adverse conditions.

The female begins to lay eggs almost immediately after maturation, that is, the last molt. A day can lay from five to ten eggs, their number depends on the amount of blood drunk.

In the photo of nits under a microscope, you can clearly see the cocoon itself in a frozen secret and the method of its attachment is almost complete coverage of the hair.

It takes 5-8 days to develop; the optimum temperature is considered to be 31 ° C. At a temperature below 20 °, the metabolism slows down and stops, at a higher - the nit can die. A temperature of 45 ° is considered critical.

When it is time to get out, the larva pushes the lid and begins to actively swallow air. Gases coming out of the anus and push the larva out of the cocoon. Empty nits remain in the same place.

We answer - wherever hair grows. The head louse multiplies and lives only on the head, and does not go into eyebrows and beard.

The clothes louse has its own habitat - fabrics, clothing seams. She lays eggs where she moves, right on the fabric.

Pubic louse occupies a special place.Less mobile (or rather, almost motionless), it can even rise to the eyebrows. Cases of laying eggs directly on the eyelashes are known. It is clear that these cases are not ordinary.

Much less often you can find nits in the armpits, but this also happens often.

One way is to completely shave the hair, since any louse without hair does not live. At the same time, the mechanical stage alone is not enough, since the louse has a flat shape and can survive. An integrated approach to solving the problem is needed. One thing is for sure - you can’t do without chemicals here. And maybe not at a time.

The safest way to get to know louse eggs is to look at the nits in the photo. Just for general development and to know how they look. Even if you just look and forget about it, at the right time the brain will quickly provide you with this information.

The most common way to get rid of nits is to comb out with a small comb after treatment with weak solutions of acetic or citric acid. The shells of the cocoon become thinner, and the capsule itself is no longer held so tight.

The most cardinal way to remove nits and avoid reinfection is to shave off your hair completely. But this is not always possible and not always acceptable.

Anyone who has ever encountered this problem can notice a person with nits on his hair at a glance. Feelings and impressions, let's say right away, are not unambiguous - this is not a pleasant sight and makes us stay as far away from such a “patient” as possible.

Nits alone cannot cross over to another person — they are stably motionless. But to bring them along with hair on a comb or hairpin is quite possible.

For this reason, it is not recommended to use other people's hair care products. Pubic lice nits can be transferred with close physical contact, but again - they themselves do not go.

The active substance is mineral oil clearol. It has a suffocating and dehydrating effect on insects. It is highly effective against lice and nits. The cost of one bottle is approximately 400 rubles.

The kit includes a bottle with a tool and a comb for combing nits. The product is oily, requires repeated rinsing with shampoo. Recommended for the elimination of lice in children, has hypoallergenic properties.

Made of stainless steel, designed for mechanical disposal (combing) of nits and lice.

Available in four versions - mousse, oil, spray, shampoo. Facilitates combing nits, untangling hair. All preparations have a pleasant mint smell, contain natural ingredients.

Oil Nit Free has an enveloping effect, blocks the insects' access to oxygen, as a result of which they die. Conditioners help protect against lice, can be used for prevention. The Nit Free series is considered one of the most effective and efficient.

Nits: what it is, how it looks, how to get it. Remedy for nits

Nits - lice eggs that look like small cocoons, fixed with a sticky composition on the hair.Most often, they accumulate in the root zone of the hair, causing a lot of discomfort to the person. TO

Detecting louse eggs on hair is quite difficult. The fact is that both larvae and adults are miniature, resembling grain crumbs. These are whitish formations, which can be noticed only on dark hair, and even then not always.

These are small, even microscopic rhomboid bodies of elongated shape, the color of which varies from light gray to burgundy. But the nits in the hair, you need to look closer to the roots.

They are located on the hair shaft just 2-3 cm from the scalp, often merge with a shade of natural pigment, due to which they become almost invisible. In order to ease your task, use a little trick: wet your hair and conduct a thorough examination.

Speaking of symptoms, they simply do not exist. This is the complexity of the course of the disease. By themselves, lice eggs do not cause any discomfort to humans. Going unnoticed for a considerable period of time, they become dangerous, getting rid of them becomes more difficult.

Quite often, nits appear in a child. Indeed, numerous laboratory and medical studies have shown that children are at risk. Games with sand, active entertainment in the fresh air, summer swimming in the local river - all this can lead to not the most pleasant consequences.

Quite often, children “bring” lice from kindergarten. Of course, adults are not safe from this ailment either. Be that as it may, it is necessary to immediately begin to combat them when the first symptoms are detected. It is important to understand that you will encounter some features. First of all, nits are negligible, and, of course, they spread with great speed.

Nits (what it is, we have already figured out) can be destroyed mechanically. Special measures need to be taken to combat the emergence and further spread of these parasites.

The most radical method is shaving - they resort to it only in exceptional cases. This method demonstrates maximum efficiency, because lice eggs leave your head once and for all.

But not everyone wants to get rid of their hair. This method will be appreciated by men, but women will definitely not like it, no matter how effective it is.

Combing is a less radical alternative. In a pharmacy, you should buy a comb from nits: it differs by quite long teeth often located in relation to each other. They cleverly capture hairs, comb them well, saving them from settled parasites. In order to increase the efficiency of combing, it is important to follow some tips and tricks:

In a modern pharmacy, finding a remedy for nits is quite easy, but not all of the options presented demonstrate the necessary effectiveness.

Most often, on the shelves of pharmacies you can find drugs whose active component are insecticides - they are really effective in combating adults, that is, lice, but in the case of a larva, you should not expect such a result.

Nevertheless, as additional measures that will help to quickly get rid of parasites, you can use external products: shampoos, sprays and serums.

Pay attention to lotions for treating scalp and hair. The most popular of them are:

• "Permethrin" - a drug from nits helps to solve the problem after several treatment procedures.
• Medifox - due to the content of castor oil and alcohol, it helps to simultaneously solve the problem of dry scalp, hair loss.
• Avicin.
• "Foxilon."

Ointments are not the most convenient niticide in use, because you need to apply the drug on the scalp with a thick layer. The most effective today is:

Traditional medicine can work wonders. Our grandmothers were saved from parasites exclusively by folk remedies, which brought good results. Here are some of them:

Using tea tree essential oil per 200 ml of ordinary shampoo, add 25-30 drops of oil. With severe infection, you can enhance the effect by adding another 50 ml of alcohol diluted with water in an equal proportion.

A kerosene compress is probably the most popular product. With its use, one should be extremely careful - an overdose can cause dry scalp, irritation.

A compress of cranberry or lemon juice copes with the shells of nits, softening them, fights with adults.

It is difficult to guarantee that after successfully getting rid of lice and their larvae, you will forget about the problem once and for all. But following simple recommendations will help prevent infection:

1. compliance with basic hygiene rules;
2. regular washing of hair and scalp (at least once a week);
3. regular change of bed linen;
4. the use of clean towels;
5. daily combing, moisturizing the scalp;
6. use of an individual comb;
7. regular inspection of hair and scalp.

Permethrin-based products, which are produced mainly in the form of water-alcohol 05% solutions, destroy nits, larvae and adults, while other drugs are intended to be destroyed only After treatment, when examining hair for surviving lice and nits, the question "how to distinguish living nits from dead?".

Dead nits continue to remain on the hair and can only be removed mechanically. When trying to crush nails, dead nits do not emit a characteristic crunch, unlike those that survived.

They will also slightly differ in color and structure: the living, unlike the dead, have a more convex shape.