Black mold in the bathroom: how to fight and how to prevent its appearance

Hello! I think every person has encountered such an unpleasant phenomenon as mold in the house. And I was no exception.

More specifically, in my childhood I was often sent to my aunt for another summer vacation in another city.

And visiting her bathroom, I periodically noticed black spots in the crevices. Of course, my aunt tried to fight this.

It turned out with varying success - sometimes it turned out to get rid of mold for a short time, and sometimes the struggle did not bring any success. But having tried various means, she finally found the ideal for herself. Now her bathroom shines with cleanliness.

Want to learn how to deal with black mold in the bathroom? What are the ways to destroy it? How to prevent its occurrence? Then read the article below.

Introduction

Mold and fungi secretly accompany us throughout the history of the existence of mankind, and it appeared much earlier than man himself.

Despite a lot of scientific research, the active development of microbiology, rich statistical experience, mold remains one of the mysteries of our world, has not been fully studied and appears each time in a new quality. Ask yourself a simple, at first glance, question - if you have mold, do you know:

People who can answer these questions can be counted on the fingers. Why? Relatively recently, mold has become treated as a serious problem. We are accustomed to the smell of mold, entering the entrance of the old house, to the fringe of the paint of our beloved dining room.

Our bathroom with black fungi does not shock us, and the greenery of the basement in the garden does not prevent us from storing vegetable stocks there. We are not too lazy to fight mold. We just don’t know why and how to do it.

Coverage of the problem of struggle and protection against mold, people, building and finishing materials takes place in highly specialized media, as a result of which there is a real "information hunger" on this range of issues.

For the same reason, the overwhelming majority still considers mold to be free decoration, nuisance, annoying "pet" and not a serious problem. Faced with mold, you are full of optimism and self-confidence. Confidence in a quick and easy victory over mold passes immediately.

The result of a fresh repair, made even by the highest quality finishing materials, becomes zero literally in six months. You are faced with a series of questions outlined above, and you understand that you simply do not know the answer to any of them. We will try to fix it.

What is mold?

Mold (mold) is a special kingdom of wildlife. Representatives of this kingdom have similarities and differences with bacteria, plants, and animals.

Like plants, fungi absorb nutrients all over their surface, rather than swallowing animals. However, unlike plants, fungi cannot use solar energy, eat carbon dioxide from the air and synthesize organic molecules of the substance from carbon dioxide, but they also use prepared organic substances in the form of various plants and animal remains as well as animals.

Like bacteria, fungi have a cellular structure. However, if we do not find a nucleus in a bacterial cell, then a fungal cell may have one or more nuclei.

Fungi are inherent in the signs of plants - immobility, apical growth, the presence of cell walls, etc., as well as signs of animals - the type of exchange, the presence of chitin, the formation of urea, etc.

Unlike plants that produce organic matter from carbon dioxide and minerals, mold, along with bacteria and some protozoa, destroys it, while emitting carbon dioxide, volatile substances, essential oils and minerals into the atmosphere.

Mold fungi belong to the class of oomycetes, marsupials and imperfect mushrooms. Mold is the common name for a fungus, which, in turn, is moldy (grows on stone, concrete, paint), blue fungus (grows in wood fiber), rotting fungus (bacterial, white, brown rot growing on wood), yeast (on food).

Both outdoors and indoors, there are seasonal changes in the amount of spores or other mold particles. Some fungi form spores year-round, for example Penicillium, others parasitizing on plants - in spring, summer and autumn - Cladosporium, Alternaria.

What is it like

Blue, green surfaces, peeling walls, terry or a growing "beard", black dots on the ceiling indicate the presence of mold.

Sometimes the mold has the form of films, crusts, friable or powdery plaque on spoiled foods, leafy leaves, on rotten wood.

Colonies of molds have a different color, for example, in Alternaria and Aspergillus - black or brown, in Penicillium - blue or green. Mold can be gray, yellow and red.

It is easy to notice the fungal damage to the wood: dark spots, grayish plaque, damp wood. The characteristic signs of the fungus are warpage of the tree and its wrinkling.

As for the color of rot, it is red, white, gray, yellow, green. Red rot affects conifers, white and yellow - oak and birch, green - oak barrels, beams and ceilings of the cellars.

The dry rot on the tree is gray and forms a fluffy, cotton-like mass; sometimes this fungus resembles even gray sheets with patches of lemon and lilac color. Water droplets are often observed on the surface of the sheets.

Wet rot resembles thin ropes or veins of dark color. In some places (for example, behind skirting boards), it looks like grayish sheets. In some cases, the rot looks like a yellowish or dark brown skin. The affected tree darkens, cracks appear.

The fact is that the color of the fungus depends not only on its variety; the material on which it grows and the stage of development also play a role.

Often the black color of the fungus is the following stamps: Ulocladium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Stachybotrys, Chaetomium, Penicillium, Wallemia, Phoma. But on the contrary, its color depends on the material on which the mushrooms grow.

1. Ulocladium - 4th group of pathogenicity. Loves moisture very much. It affects not only the food product, but also the materials.
2. Cladosporium - in addition to black, it can have a wide range of colors. Colorless at the initial stage. It can do without moisture. Getting on plants or seeds, they become unsuitable for use.

   Able to develop even at low temperatures. Most often, it is found in the air in the summer. Some of its subspecies live off fuels and lubricants and diesel fuel. Because of this, they received the name kerosene mushroom.

3. Penicillium - this stamp of mushrooms plays a big role in our life. After all, with the help of it, medicines are made. This mushroom is also added in the preparation of cheese having white mold. However, groups such as Penicillum marneffei and Penicillium spp pose a significant threat to human life. They often grow in apartments.
4. Alternaria - refers to the 4th group of pathogenicity. This is a fairly common fungus. It affects not only vegetables and fruits, but even the respiratory tract of a person and his skin. Often has a gray color. This type has about 300 stamps.
5. Aspergillus - this group belongs to the 4th and 3rd pathogenicity group. If it enters the body, it causes aspergillosis in animals or humans. Usually it is found indoors.
6. Chaetomium - has a black color. Once in the body, it causes allergic symptoms. Especially it should not be allowed to enter the digestive tract. There have been deaths after infection with this fungus.
7. Phoma - has 4 group of pathogenicity. The spores of these mushrooms are colorless, and the mycelium is always black.
8. Wallemia - does not pose a significant danger to the human body. It has a black color. Most often found in places with low humidity and high temperatures.

Conditions of appearance and development

Mold spreads through the air in the form of microscopic spores. When it hits a wet surface, it sprouts with the finest threads (mycelium).

It is believed that the ideal conditions for the appearance and spread of mold are temperature plus 20 0С and relative humidity above 95%.

Poor air exchange supports fungal growth. In addition, mold loves dirt. The dirtier the home, the more bacteria, and the more bacteria, the more fungi.

Mold actively reproduces at room temperature under conditions of high humidity and inefficient ventilation on many materials and coatings used indoors, including concrete, plaster, wood, plastics, rubber, linoleum fabric, painted surfaces, carpets, books, etc.

Favorable conditions for the development of mold are formed in flower pots. Microspores can rise through ventilation from moist basements. Mold is most severe in autumn, as it is associated with the decomposition of vegetation.

About humidity. Mold and fungus love moisture. Unfortunately, all materials surrounding us, to one degree or another, contain moisture. In facades of stone and concrete, moisture is formed as a result of condensation, that is, it settles on the surface of the walls in the form of small droplets.

Rain has a beneficial effect on the growth of mold. Moisture penetrates through pores, holes, cracks or leaky seams of buildings.

Ground and sedimentary waters have a bad ability to soak into the basement of the building or into the walls. The appearance of mold on unprotected materials in this case is inevitable.

Structural humidity is initially present in new designs and can accumulate even at the stage of production of building materials, as well as during construction itself. Moisture accumulation is possible due to unbalanced air exchange in the room.

The number of mushrooms is influenced by various variations of the indoor environment. Increased humidity or the flow of water from the taps provide an environment for the growth of various molds.

About the temperature. Mold feels very good at low temperatures. She, like trees in winter, does not "live an active life" (does not spore), but does not die. As the temperature rises, mold begins to spore again. High temperatures can kill mold, however, for the destruction of some species, exposure to temperature plus 100 0C is necessary for 1-2 hours.

About wood. An unfavorable condition for rotting wood is dry wood with a moisture content of not more than 20% (with a moisture content of wood below 15%, their development does not occur at all). Sawn timber can reach such humidity during natural drying from January to July in the midland of Russia.

Atmospheric moisture in the form of rain and snow threatens the ground part of open structures, as well as the external wooden elements of buildings. It also threatens wood with operational moisture that occurs inside living quarters during cooking, washing, drying clothes, mopping, etc.

This moisture condensing on the surface or in the thickness of structures is primarily dangerous because it is detected, as a rule, even when irreversible changes have occurred in the enclosing wooden structure or its element, for example, internal decay.

What is dangerous mold

For too long, we thought mold was completely harmless. Residents of cities spend 50-70% of their time in their apartments, and all in enclosed spaces, including workplaces, up to 80-90% of the time.

During this time, the air in the room is filtered through the airways and if it contains a large number of microorganisms, they settle on the lungs (and mold cells can penetrate deep into the lung tissue), causing various painful conditions.

Such conditions in foreign literature are called the term "Sick building syndrome" ("Pathogenic effect of the enclosed space").

Some types of fungi can cause diathesis in children, allergies that turn into asthma and even cancer.

Not always the growth of mold is accompanied by its visible growth, but in any case, the affected material becomes a source of mold spores, so the first sign of mold pollution is the appearance of its spores in the air.

Just as radiation or heavy metals act invisibly on the body, so does mold on a person, their health and housing.

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, affects over 36 million people. In most cases, the root cause of this disease is allergenic mold.

Among a huge number of mushrooms, allergenic properties were found in about 300 species. The number of people who are allergic to mold is increasing annually and mainly people with bronchial asthma.

At least 15% of children with bronchial asthma have an increased sensitivity to mold allergens. The disease is characterized by a gradual onset and a protracted course. In hospital settings, weakened people can even cause fatal infections.

During a special scientific study conducted with the participation of employees of the Department of Microbiology, St. Petersburg State Medical Academy. Mechnikov, a high degree of contamination with penicilli, aspergillus, cladosporiums and other mold fungi of the air in the rooms in which patients with asthma, allergic diseases, bronchitis were found.

When mold spores enter the gastrointestinal tract, a food allergy develops. The yellow mold, which produces the strongest aflatoxin, is considered the most poisonous. Yellow mold affects food products (liver, fish, milk, rice, and peanuts are most susceptible to damage).

The mold that is used in the preparation of elite cheese is specially prepared. Mold affecting foods has nothing to do with it.

More than 100 toxic compounds found by scientists in molds and in products coated with it, may for a very long time not show their presence in the body. But after several decades, it is they that can cause the rapid growth of cancerous tumors.

Alas, heat treatment does not affect these toxins. Therefore, moldy products (whether it is jam, bread, vegetables, fruits or nuts) should be thrown away immediately.

Mold is a malicious enemy of wood. Naturally drying wood is at risk of decay for a long time. She is also threatened by fungi and mold. Spores of fungi and bacteria can get on wood in the forest or during transportation.

They only need to get into favorable conditions in order to begin to develop rapidly. Imagine such a common situation - building materials were bought in the spring (which means it is the “winter forest” considered the most healthy), and its use begins only in the second half of summer.

For the period of storage, the wood was stacked and covered with polyethylene, wrapped as tightly as possible. Everything seems to be right. Just do not take into account one thing - the greenhouse effect. And this effect is just grace for mold.

Mold and blue mushrooms mainly spoil the appearance and also indicate temporary moisture in the wood.
The real enemies of wood are mycelium, which destroy the fibers and cause softening of the wood, which causes significant damage to the supporting structures.

Mold and blue stain do not impair the strength of the wood, but rot destroys the wood and eventually makes it unsuitable for use (while infecting neighboring boards and boards).

Wooden houses do not die of old age: the tree is durable enough to serve for centuries, and in suitable conditions it remains for thousands of years. It’s all because the tree got sick ... with a house fungus.

Blue itself does not change the mechanical properties of wood, but is a precursor to decay, and its presence indicates a high humidity of the material.

Bacterial rot destroys wood cells from the inside and causes cellulose decomposition. The tree darkens and turns gray because of this.

White rot provokes the decomposition of cellulose and lignin - an organic polymer compound contained in the cell walls of vascular plants and causing their lignification (hardwood contains 20-30% lignin, coniferous - up to 50%).

Wet rot is more typical for homes with high dampness, dry rot appears in damp places, but then can go on dry wood, brick, plaster.

Note that the darkening of wood does not mean its disease. Any raw board in the fresh air changes color. This is a kind of natural oxidation.

The appearance of a house fungus is not difficult to notice: on the logs of the walls, on the floor boards, the wall sheathing, a white fluff or a cluster of white threads, similar to cotton wool, is first formed. Then yellow, pink and lilac spots appear, which over time turn into gray films with a silver tint. The tree darkens, cracks and crumbles.

The fungus grows catastrophically quickly, especially in soft wood buildings; pine and oak wood is less damaged by house fungus. If the house fungus is not destroyed in a timely manner, then in 6-8 months it can “eat through” the wood through.

The tree’s worst enemy is the white mushroom house. It successfully disguises itself as ordinary mold. But this is until the fungus shows character. Under certain conditions, in a month he is able to "eat" a whole oak floor 4 cm thick!

Wood is a living material containing moisture. A growing tree is fueled by water through the roots and trunk. In lumber and wood products, the structure of the cells of a growing tree is preserved, and therefore the board absorbs water, moreover, through transverse planes than through longitudinal ones. Moisture is what fungi need.

Mold destroys books, because storage conditions are often optimal for its development.
Any material that does not have biocidal protection can be destroyed by mold.

Causes of mold

It has already been briefly discussed above where the mold appears in the bathroom, but the listed reasons should be considered in more detail:

Knowing the causes of mold, you should also find out how to get rid of mold in the bathroom. The most appropriate will be the timely implementation of preventive work that impedes the development of mold.

Signs of mold in the bathroom

Speaking about what mold is in the bathroom - how to remove it and prevent its appearance, you should also talk about how to identify the initial stages of mold.

Plaque usually appears in tile joints, on the sink, bathtub, shower tray, as well as behind the washing machine, under the bathtub, and in many other places where a suitable living environment is created.

In addition, mold can be identified by an odor similar to that in a cellar or basement with moist, stale air. Such a fragrance cannot be confused with anything; its appearance means the appearance of mold.

Mold Control Methods

It is always necessary to deal with black mold on the walls, you do not need to wait until it disappears on its own. The first thing you need to do is protect yourself from the effects of the fungus. To do this, work with gloves, a mask or a respirator.

This is required so that the mold does not remain on the floor after mechanical removal. In order to prevent disputes from spreading to other rooms throughout the apartment or house, it is recommended that all doors and openings be closed with airtight material.

The thickness of the sheets should not be less than 4 mm. The next step involves draining the air in the room. If there is a dehumidifier, then it must be turned on. It is important that the fan can not be used, this can trigger the spread of fungal spores around the house.

If at home there is a special vacuum cleaner with a filter, then mold can be removed using it. A mandatory step is to remove the old wallpaper. Just washing off the mold with the wallpaper is not enough, the spores may remain.

Therefore, it is necessary to remove the old coating. Next, the plaster is removed with a spatula. Mold is removed with a brush or other improvised means.

Do not do in this situation without the use of antiseptic agents. They are designed to combat mold and other microorganisms. It is preferable to purchase funds based on fungicidal substances that have a detrimental effect on mold.

These products are diluted according to the instructions and sprayed onto the wall surface. In this case, you need to process it completely, and not just the affected areas. You can apply the substance with a brush or with a roller.

After the wall has dried, a primer is applied to the surface. It is desirable that it has an antiseptic composition. At the very end, new wallpaper is applied.

Mold Safety

Any contact with black mold is dangerous to health, so get rid of the fungus must be in protective glasses, a respirator and waterproof gloves. To prevent spores from accidentally falling onto the floor or furniture, surfaces should be protected with polyethylene or unnecessary oilcloth.

Small things, towels, washcloths and curtains are best taken out of the room altogether. If large areas are covered with a dark coating, it is recommended to cover the doors with the film, plumbing, a washing machine, shelves and all other objects that could be controversial.

It is not recommended to destroy the mycelium with a vacuum cleaner - small spores can remain in the bag and continue to exist.

If there is a dehumidifier in the house, then you need to turn it on - dry air will help to cope with microorganisms and will not leave them a chance for a rebirth. All brushes, sponges and rags used for cleaning must be wrapped in tight bags and discarded with plastic wrap, gloves and a respirator.

How to destroy the fungus forever?

Mold in the bathroom is eradicated in various ways. But before the start of the struggle, it is worth assessing the depth and severity of the lesion of the room with the fungus.

If the infection has covered a large surface of the wall and hit the wallpaper in the bathroom, then you need to get rid of them and conduct a quality treatment of the room. Just wash the fungus with water will not work. You need to act on the defeat, otherwise the mold can not be removed.

Next, you need to treat the room with antifungal agents, strictly following the instructions; you may need to process the walls 2 times, with a short break.

Methods of struggle and the choice of means also depend on the site of appearance of the fungus. If the mold is on the tile, it can be removed using hydrogen peroxide independently and in the future to keep the tile clean.

If mold fungus struck the seams between the tiles, then it is necessary to start the fight against mold as early as possible so that the mushrooms do not penetrate the tile, and then it will not be necessary to dismantle it from the walls and you can do without removing the grout from the seam.

Fortunately, there are materials that can replace silicone around the perimeter of pallets (not suitable for iron baths and pallets) and grouting compounds on which fungus does not form. But the cost of such materials and work with them is quite high, so they are not widely used.

For example, the work to remove old silicone around the perimeter of the bath with its replacement will cost 6,000 rubles, and the cost of the material will add another 4,000 rubles. There are cheaper solutions, but they give only a temporary result.

Many people buy different mold remedies in the bathroom, try to wash it off, and it appears again and again, as a result there is an opinion that it cannot be removed.

But the fungus is a consequence of high humidity, and in order to defeat the mold, one must fight not with the consequence, but with the cause, and only after its elimination they are engaged in the removal of biodeterioration.

In addition, all building materials (paints, grouts, putties, plasters) that are used to restore bathroom redecorating must contain an antiseptic to obtain a sustainable result.

Now you know, so that mold in the bath does not appear again, it is necessary to approach the issue of its removal in a comprehensive manner.

Instructions on how to remove mold from the bathroom

Isolate the bathroom from the rest of the house so that during disinfection and sterilization of mold, spores do not spread to other rooms of the house. Open the bathroom window, if any, to improve air circulation in the work area.

To protect yourself from exposure to this biological toxin, you must take care of adequate protection, such as rubber gloves, goggles, and a mask.

After all preparations are made, follow the instructions: 1. To remove mold from the bath, first of all, you need to use a traditional bath cleaner to remove visible signs of infection.

In addition, you can prepare a cleaning solution made of liquid detergent without ammonia and warm water, using it as an additional solution. Apply generously to the shower stall, tiles, curtains, walls, and ceiling.

Wait a while, and then wash these areas thoroughly with a sponge and brush. Rinse with plain water and allow to dry. If the infection is not severe enough, this method will be enough to get rid of mold in the bathroom.

So, we understand that a detergent solution does not kill all the mold. What to do next, how to remove mold in the bathroom? Chlorine bleaches contain powerful chemicals that are very effective in killing fungus. Thus, the next solution is chlorine bleach.

Take 3-4 liters of water and add a glass of chlorine bleach to it. Pour the solution into a spray bottle and distribute the product on all surfaces of the bathroom, including walls, floors, in and around the bathroom. Wait at least 15-20 minutes before starting to clean the bathroom.

Start cleaning from any corner of the room and move to the door. To reach hard-to-reach corners, use bristle brushes. For spacious surfaces of floors and walls, use a sponge or soft brush. Continue rubbing vigorously in a circular motion to clean all mold in the bathroom.

The last, but no less important step in cleaning mold from the bathroom is to use a disinfectant. This solution is necessary in order to eliminate the disputes that remain after cleaning.

You can purchase a disinfectant in any store. Apply it on cleaned surfaces, leave for 15 minutes, then rinse with plenty of water. Dry the work area as quickly as possible. If necessary, use the help of fans and dehumidifiers.

After you have finished cleaning the bathroom, you must dispose of all materials that came into contact with the mold during cleaning. Fold brushes, sponge, rags, and rubber gloves into the trash bag, seal it properly, and return for disposal.

You can prevent mold from spreading further in the bathroom by keeping the room clean and dry. Ventilate the bathroom regularly or use an exhaust fan to improve air circulation.

Spray distilled vinegar all over the bathroom once a week. This method will help you control mold or mildew growth to a greater extent.

Folk ways to get rid of black mold

Even our great-great-great-great-grandmothers were looking for the most effective ways to combat this scourge. And naturally, a lot of people have accumulated a lot of tips on how to get rid of mold in the bathroom. Here are some of them.
With acetic acid

Carefully removing all the mold, wash the seams with water and brush again, this time with soda. Rinse again with water and wipe well. After the cleaning procedure, it is better to treat everything with a special preparation against fungi.

With copper sulfate

100 g of copper sulfate must be diluted in 10 liters of water. Then, with a brush, carefully process with the solution all the habitats of the mold.

If mold has settled in your bath not too long ago, then after the first treatment with copper sulfate, it will leave your home forever. Otherwise, a repeat of the procedure is required.

Using camphor balls

This method is the fastest and easiest. It is only necessary to spread camphor balls in places of accumulation of black mold.

However, it is not suitable in all cases. For example, it cannot be applied if mold is snugly placed on the walls or ceiling of the bathroom.

Using anthracene oil

This method is more suitable for the prevention of the appearance of black mold, rather than for disposal, but still we decided to mention it.

To protect your bathroom from mold, you should treat with this oil the most likely places for mold to appear.
Please note that the product smells bad and you will have to ventilate the bath after treatment.

Using Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil is an excellent antiseptic and is ideal for removing fresh mildew stains. To do this, it’s enough to dissolve a couple of tablespoons of essential oil in a half liter jar of water and then spray using a spray gun in places where mold is accumulating.

For a better result, it is advisable to abandon the use of the bathroom for its intended purpose for a period of 12 hours. Unfortunately, the tea tree is powerless before the old mold.

With the help of Domestos

A less effective way is to periodically clean problem areas. Do not forget that the fungus is usually invisible, therefore, for prevention, it is better to periodically process all the seams in the Domestos bathroom.

The essence of the method is to flush problematic seams with a frequency of 2-3 days for 2-3 weeks. Rinse the fungus with a simple cleaning agent, such as Domestosome or any other chlorinated solution.

Sometimes, despite all the efforts of the owners of the mold bath, it is not possible to get rid of the problem. In this case, it remains to use the expensive services of specialists in rehabilitation and ionization. They will use a special device to treat the problem area with a directed stream of air enriched with ions and trace elements.

Now that you know how difficult it is to deal with black mold in the bathroom, about its effect on the body, the reasons for its appearance and preventive measures, it will be easier for you to prevent an uninvited guest from entering your apartment.

Modern antiseptics

The most effective and reliable solution to the problem is the acquisition and use of fungicidal antiseptic drugs. There is a huge range of these products on the market. Mögel-Fri, a foreign-made drug, is especially popular.

It is active against many biological agents, including against black mold on the walls. It is applied by any of the possible methods (spray, brush, sponge). After it has been sprayed onto the surface of the walls, you need to wait about a day, then clean the wall.

It has several advantages:

1. eliminates unpleasant smell of mold;
2. possesses high activity;
3. leaves no stains on the walls;
4. does not violate the integrity of the decorative wall covering;
5. its fungicidal effect lasts a very long time;
6. this tool can be used for preventive purposes.

This is not the only drug that will help get rid of the black fungus on the walls. The following products are used with great success: Atlas Mykos, Metas-Bio, Neomid Bio and some others. Their composition can vary significantly.

If small children, pregnant women or people with hypersensitivity live in the house or apartment, then it is better to seek help from specialists.

How to prevent mold

In order to completely avoid problems with black mold, it is necessary to maintain the bathroom in good condition. After using the room, it must be ventilated.

To reduce humidity, just open the door. In addition, you can install a fan that will draw moist air from the room. Also, an electric heated towel rail can serve as a solution, which, in addition to towels, will also dry moist air.

In no case do not allow smudges in the bathroom. All taps, pipes and valves must be leakproof and in good condition. If one of the walls of the bathroom opens onto the landing, then it is necessary to insulate it from the inside.

Constant contact with cold air masses will contribute to the spread of mold, so you should make the bathroom warm.

Cracks in the wall or ceiling are an excellent condition for the development of the fungus. For this reason, and simply for cosmetic beauty, such formations should be removed. A similar situation exists with interpanel seams.

It is necessary to carry out their sealing to prevent the spread of mold and to warm the apartment. Similar work is carried out by specialized organizations.